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Faculty Salary Inequity in Higher Education
October 2024
I had the pleasure of collaborating with designer, artist, and professor MiHyun Kim on her project, Faculty Salary Inequity in Higher Education, which is a website that features series of interactive data visualizations of her 2023 report on salary equity and compression within the Texas State University community. Her report was created during her time as a Faculty Senate Fellow at Texas State University. The goal was to analyze faculty salary data, highlight issues and disparities, and promote an open dialogue around fair compensation in the hopes of “a healthier, more collaborative and equitable academic environment”.
Type: Interactive website
Tools: Flourish, Readymag
The Process
There were three questions that we wanted to focus on:
How do TSU faculty salaries compare to the national benchmarks?
Are the salaries considered livable when compared to median home prices and the cost of living in the TSU area? How do other peer institutions compare in terms of cost of living?
What do TSU faculty salaries look like if we broke them down by rank, race, and gender?
For the website, we dedicated a page to answer each of the three questions and titled them, respectfully:
While a majority of the data we analyzed came from TSU’s faculty salary data, we also supplemented our analysis with other sources.
In order to answer the first question, we compared TSU’s faculty salary to data from the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA) for national benchmarking.
For the second question, we compared salaries within a peer group categorized by 2010 Carnegie Classification: Public Research (high activity), Doctoral/ Research & Select Masters Large (undergraduate & graduate instruction), including 155 academic institutions. Furthermore, our analysis incorporated the cost of living and median home prices in the cities where our peer institutions are located, as reported by BestPlaces in November 2022.
We utilized Google Sheet and Flourish for a majority of our data analysis and visualization given our remote collaboration. During analysis, we ensured that all personal and identifiable information was removed to protect the privacy of TSU’s faculty members.
Final Results
National Faculty Median Salary by Discipline
“Each circle represents an individual faculty member and their salary. The visualization is organized by college, department, and position. Circles in gray indicate faculty members who are currently being compensated below the national median salary, while colored circles indicate those who are being compensated above the national median. To view departments within a college, simply click the down arrow in the graph.”
Mapping Cost of Living
“When you hover each circle on the map, you will see a description box associated with the circle. When the cost of living is at 100, it indicates that faculty salaries can comfortably cover living expenses. For instance, in San Marcos, Texas, the cost of living is 101.1, slightly higher than our peers on average and median. However, in Round Rock, Texas, the cost of living is higher at 116.5 compared to our peers. For another example, let's consider CUNY Brooklyn College in New York, where the cost of living is 184.7. This means that the cost of living is much higher than the national average and the faculty salaries need to be 84% higher to afford living in the city where they work. Conversely, living in Newark, New Jersey appears to be much more affordable 122.8 than living in Brooklyn, New York.”
Inequity by Rank, Ethnicity & Gender
“A compa-ratio of 1.0 means that the employee is paid exactly at the median salary point. Values higher or lower than 1.0 show how an employee’s pay compared to this median salary point. Whereas values higher or lower than 1.0 indicate how they are paid relative to the median salary. For instance, if the median salary point is $27,000 and an employee is paid $25,000, their compa-ratio would be 0.94, indicating they earn 6% less than the median salary point.
This visualization highlights the group of faculty who may be experiencing significant salary inequity. The data demonstrates that Assistant Professors are the group whose salaries are closest to or slightly above the national median salary. Associate Professors are the next group, while Full Professors (40% lower) and Senior Lecturers (50% lower) experience the most significant inequity in their compensation. Since 2017, this inequity gap has increased across all ranks except for Assistant Professors. In 2022, over 25% of Full Professors and 40% of all Lecturers were found in this inequity category, indicating a concerning trend of underpayment.
The ethinicity chart illustrates the relationship between average salary and the number of faculty members across different racial and ethnic groups. The largest group, White/Non-Hispanic faculty, comprises around 3,000 members with an average salary just below $80,000. In contrast, Asian faculty members, though smaller in number, have the highest average salary at approximately $100,000. Hispanic faculty make up a relatively large group, following White/Non-Hispanic, with an average salary close to $80,000. International faculty also have an average salary near $80,000, while Black/African American faculty, one of the smaller groups, earn slightly less than $80,000. Lastly, the Other/Unknown category shows a small faculty size with an average salary close to $80,000. The size of each bubble represents the number of faculty members, showing significant variation in representation across racial and ethnic groups.
The gender chart shows the progression of average salaries for male and female faculty members from 2018 to 2023, highlighting a persistent gender wage gap. In 2018, male faculty earned around $76,000, while female faculty earned about $68,000. Over the years, salaries for both genders increased, but men consistently earned more. By 2021, male salaries reached approximately $80,000, compared to $72,000 for women. Although the wage gap slightly narrowed in 2022 and 2023, with male faculty earning about $82,000 and female faculty around $76,000 in 2023, a noticeable disparity remains.”
What I Learned
This project felt meaningful to me in many ways. Discussions around affordability and livable wages wasn’t lost on me since I had already lived in notoriously expensive cities like San Francisco, Hong Kong, and New York City. With this project in particular, working with data where I knew each salary data point represented a real person felt impactful as a data visualization designer. Additionally, I felt incredibly lucky to have connected with MiHyun. Seeing the amount of time and effort she poured into her report and this project highlighted her passion and care for such a sensitive topic. Collaborating remotely on this project was a joy and I’m thankful to MiHyun for her support and expertise.